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The overall aim of the project is to improve grassland management practices and pastoral livestock systems in China and Mongolia through research into the incentives driving these systems and the design of incentive based policies. In China, the focus of the research will be on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Within this overall aim, there are three main objectives: (a) to design more efficient incentive schemes for improved grassland and livestock management in China; (b) to design more efficient incentives for improved livelihoods and grassland condition in Mongolia; and (c) to facilitate linkages between China and Mongolia for improving grassland management.
China and Mongolia have vast (over 520 million hectares) inter-connected grasslands that provide the resource base to support the livelihoods of over 20 million low income pastoral households and an array of ecosystem services from improving air and water quality to acting as a carbon sink. However, concerns over the condition of these grasslands and livelihoods of herders have increased through time and are now a major issue. In China, the concerns have led the government to invest CNY13.6 billion (>2b$US) per annum on grassland management programs and grassland incentive payment schemes. The fundamental and topical policy issue in China among policy makers, research scientists and society at large is whether the existing programs and payments are: (a) efficient in meeting the environmental and livelihood objectives; and (b) can account for the heterogeneity in grassland systems and changes in socio-economic, market and climatic conditions. In Mongolia, policy makers are concerned about the resilience of herders and grasslands to adverse climatic events and seeking information on the management systems and impact of alternative policy and institutional settings needed to sustain grasslands and herder livelihoods. The similarities and contrasts between the two countries provide a larger context to test ideas and principles for managing grasslands and improving herder livelihoods that have wide application throughout east and central Asia.
The overall aim of the project is to improve grassland management practices and pastoral livestock systems in China and Mongolia through research into the incentives driving these systems and the design of incentive based policies. In China, the focus of the research will be on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Within this overall aim, there are three main objectives: (a) to design more efficient incentive schemes for improved grassland and livestock management in China; (b) to design more efficient incentives for improved livelihoods and grassland condition in Mongolia; and (c) to facilitate linkages between China and Mongolia for improving grassland management.
The issue raises a series of specific research questions to be investigated in the project including:
For China:
For Mongolia:
The study uses an interdisciplinary approach involving integrated institutional/market, economic/modelling, biophysical and social/socio-ecological components to assess the net social benefits of particular livestock and grazing practice changes and policy incentives. An embedded case study approach, covering different grassland types, economic circumstances and household characteristics, will enable a level of focus and depth to the analysis but within the context of the broader regional systems and research questions under investigation. In China and Mongolia, grassland incentive schemes operate in the context of institutional settings where uncertainty, distributional issues and social embeddedness are important and these factors will be considered in the analysis.
In China, farm and household surveys, biophysical and farming systems modelling, stakeholder interviews, economic valuation, econometric analysis and choice modelling will be used to: identify scenarios of practice changes consistent with sustainable grassland and livestock management; establish the environmental benefits and opportunity costs of the practice changes; establish the opportunity costs of the practice changes and relate them to household characteristics and biophysical, market and seasonal conditions; and design an incentive scheme and payment metrics based on these environmental benefits and opportunity costs. In Mongolia, grassland condition assessments, and household & stakeholder interviews will be used to construct household and biophysical models for analyses of policy measures and incentives. Stakeholder interviews and a choice modelling approach will be used to elicit behavioural responses, while a state contingent approach will be used to identify strategic and tactical management and policy responses under different seasonal conditions.
ACIAR Website:
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
University of Queensland
Australian National University, Charles Sturt University, CSIRO Ecosystem Services, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mongolia University of Life Sciences, Ministry of Food & Agriculture (Mongolia)
Click the file name to download the project file:
91ϵÁÐ (2019)
K. Behrendt, C. Brown, G. Qiao, B. Zhang (2022) Ecological Economics, 193, 107313.
G. Jargalsaihan, U. Gombosuren, D.R. Kemp, K. Behrendt, D. Lkhagvasuren, L. Gankhuyg, C.G. Brown (2021) The Rangeland Journal. 43(4), 235-246
Kemp, DR; Addison, J; Behrendt, K.; Udval, G; Lkhagvaa, D; Han, GD; Li ZG; Li P (2021) . In Proceedings of the XXIV International Grasslands / XI Rangelands Congress: Sustainable Use of Grassland and Rangeland Resources for Improved Livelihoods, Nairobi, Kenya. 4 pages.
Behrendt, K; Kemp, DR; Udval, G; Jargalsaihan, G; Han, GD; Li ZG; Li P; Lkhagvaa, D (2021) . In Proceedings of the XXIV International Grasslands / XI Rangelands Congress: Sustainable Use of Grassland and Rangeland Resources for Improved Livelihoods, Nairobi, Kenya. 4 pages.
C. Brown, K. Behrendt, L. Ping, Q. Guanghua, J. Bennett, Z. Bao, J. Addison, D. Kemp, H. Guodong, Z. Jing (2021) The Rangeland Journal. 42(6), 435-445.
Kemp, D.R.; Behrendt, K.; Badgery, W.; Han, G.D.; Li, P.; Zhang, Y.J.; Wu, J.P.; Hou, F.J. (2020). . The Rangeland Journal. 42(5), 339-346.
Behrendt, K.; Takahashi, T.; Kemp, D.R.; Han, G.D.; Li, Z.; Wang, Z.; Badgery, W.; Liu, H. (2020). . The Rangeland Journal. 42(5), 329-338.
Badgery, W.; Kemp, D.R.; Zhang, Y.J.; Wang, Z.; Han, G.D.; Hou, F.J.; Liu, N.; Michalk, D.; Behrendt, K. (2020). . The Rangeland Journal. 42(5), 347-358.
Brown, C, Qiao G, Lkhagvadorj D, Addison J, Kemp D, Han G, Gombosuren U, Behrendt K, Bennett J, Li P. (2020) In C. Brown (Ed) Common Grasslands in Asia: a comparative analysis of Chinese and Mongolian Grasslands 1 (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham UK. pp 1-11 (ISBN: 978 1 78897 404 2))
Kemp, D., Ping, Li., Addison, J., Behrendt, K., Zhongwu, W., Guodong, H., Mengli, Z., Bombosuren, U., Xiangyang, H. (2020) Common Grasslands in Asia: a comparative analysis of Chinese and Mongolian Grasslands 4 (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham UK. pp. 78-95 (ISBN: 978 1 78897 404 2))
Brown, C, Bennett J, Qiao G, Lkhagvadorj D, Addison J, Gombosuren U, Kemp D, Han G, Behrendt K, Li P. (2020) In C. Brown (Ed) Common Grasslands in Asia: a comparative analysis of Chinese and Mongolian Grasslands 8 (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham UK. pp 165-174 (ISBN: 978 1 78897 404 2))
Kemp, D, Wu, JP, Gong, XF, Li, P, Han, G, Zhao, M, Behrendt, K, Waldron, S (2020) In 'Sustainable Chinese Grasslands.' Ed. D Kemp. Monograph 210 (Chapter 2 pp. 17-38. (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra, Australia) ISSN 1031–8194 (print) ISSN 1447–090X (online) ISBN 978-1-922345-21-9 (print) ISBN 978-1-922345-20-2 (online))
Behrendt, K, Liu, H, Kemp, DR, Takahashi, T (2020) In 'Sustainable Chinese Grasslands.' Ed. D Kemp. Monograph 210 (Chapter 6 pp. 97-124. (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra) ISSN 1031–8194 (print) ISSN 1447–090X (online) ISBN 978-1-922345-21-9 (print) ISBN 978-1-922345-20-2 (online))
Liu, H, Behrendt, K, Wu J, Du W (2020) In 'Sustainable Chinese Grasslands.' Ed. D Kemp. Monograph 210 (Chapter 7 pp. 125-152. (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra) ISSN 1031–8194 (print) ISSN 1447–090X (online) ISBN 978-1-922345-21-9 (print) ISBN 978-1-922345-20-2 (online))
Badgery W, Kemp DR, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Han G, Sun Y, Hou F, Michalk DL, Behrendt K (2020) In 'Sustainable Chinese Grasslands.' Ed. D Kemp. Monograph 210 (Chapter 10 pp. 191-210 (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra) ISSN 1031–8194 (print) ISSN 1447–090X (online) ISBN 978-1-922345-21-9 (print) ISBN 978-1-922345-20-2 (online))
Kemp D, Behrendt K, Han G, Hou F, Hou X, Wu J, Zhang Y (2020) In 'Sustainable Chinese Grasslands.' Ed. D Kemp. Monograph 210 (Chapter 12 pp. 251-263. (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra) ISSN 1031–8194 (print) ISSN 1447–090X (online) ISBN 978-1-922345-21-9 (print) ISBN 978-1-922345-20-2 (online))
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